What is Polyvagal Theory?

Polyvagal Theory helps us Understanding the Science of Safety, Connection, and Regulation

What is Polyvagal Theory?

• Developed by Dr. Stephen Porges in the 1970s.

• Explains how our autonomic nervous system (ANS) influences emotions, behaviors, and relationships.

• Our body reacts automatically to perceived safety or danger—before the brain is even aware.

Key Concepts

1. Neuroception

• Subconscious scanning of internal and external cues for safety or danger.

• Involves: Interoception (body signals), Exteroception (environment), Proprioception (social cues)

• Influences our emotional state and perception: "Story follows state."

2. Autonomic Hierarchy

The nervous system operates in a ladder-like structure:

Ventral Vagal State – Safe & Social

• Calm, connected, compassionate

• Body is regulated: good sleep, digestion, immunity

• Ideal state for learning, healing, and bonding

Sympathetic State – Fight or Flight

• Mobilized to respond to perceived threat

• Signs: anxiety, anger, rapid heartbeat, tension

• Can cause chronic stress if unresolved

Dorsal Vagal State – Freeze & Shutdown

• Immobilized, numb, disconnected

• Signs: fatigue, fogginess, helplessness

• Long-term presence can lead to depression and low immunity

3. State Shifting

• We move up and down the ladder throughout the day.

• The goal is flexibility and the ability to return to the ventral vagal state (regulation).

• Trauma and chronic stress can trap us in survival states.

Co-Regulation

• A biological need for shared safety through relationships.

• We learn self-regulation through safe, attuned connections.

• Essential for emotional well-being across the lifespan.

• Even adults need secure co-regulation (not just children).

Why It Matters

• Your body tells your brain how safe you are—not the other way around.

• Healing starts when the nervous system feels safe.

• Therapy, mindfulness, breathwork, and safe relationships help move us toward regulation.

Key Contributors of this theory, content and therapy.

• Stephen Porges: Creator of Polyvagal Theory

• Deb Dana: Co-founder of Polyvagal Institute, author, therapist, educator

• Together they developed Polyvagal-Informed Therapies to support trauma healing.

Resource (APA Format)

Dana, D. (n.d.). Polyvagal Theory. Rhythm of Regulation. Retrieved April 4, 2025, from https://www.rhythmofregulation.com/polyvagal-theory